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Dramatis Personae

The following is an alphabetical list of named characters in various versions of the Hamlet texts, with information about the etymology of the character names. Information on the etymology of names compiled from Ard. Q2, meaning-of-names.com and behindthename.com.



Bernardo/Barnardo


Combination of German elements meaning "bear" and "brave."


Claudius


The name of the King in Q2 and Folio. The name never appears in the spoken lines of the play, only in stage directions and speech prefixes. The name derives from Latin and in English means "lame, crippled." A number of Roman emperors in the first century had the name, including the Nero's stepfather (Hamlet references Nero in 3.4/scene 9). Emperor Claudius had married his niece Agrippina, Nero's mother. When Claudius died, Nero came to power and later executed his mother. Some ancient writers accused Agrippina of poisoning Claudius.

It is also the name of several early saints.


Corambis

The name is similar to the Latin words cor=heart, ambi=both. In Fratricide Punished, a German version of the Hamlet story, the King's counselor is also named Corambus.


Cornelia/Cornelius

Latin. In the Bible, Cornelius is the name of a centurion converted to Christianity. In Gaelic tradition it means "strong-willed" or "wise."

"Cornelia" is technically the feminine form of the name, but the character was probably still male.


Fortinbras/Fortenbrasse

French: "strong in arm."


Francisco

From the Latin "Franciscus" meaning "Frenchman." 


Gertrude/Gertred/Gertrard

In German, Gertrude means "adored warrior" or "spear of strength." It was also the name of Saint Gertrude, a nun and mystic writer.  The spelling "Gertrard" may come from a German variant of the name, "Gertraud."


Guildenstern/Gilderstone

"Golden star." Both Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are surnames of noble Danish families.


Hamlet

The anglicized version of Amleth, the name of the Prince in Shakespeare's source material: the third and fourth books of Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum (written c. 1200). The name is of French and German origin, meaning "home" or "village." A variation of the name is "Hamnet," the name of Shakespeare's son, who died in 1596.


Horatio

Possibly from the Latin hora, "hour, time, season." The poet known as Horace was named Quintus Horatius Flaccus.


Laertes/Leartes

The name of Odyssey's father in The Odyssey. Although old in The Odyssey, as a young warrior he participated in the hunt for the Calydonian Boar.


Marcellus

Diminutive of Marcus, which probably derived in Roman culture from Mars, the god of war.


Montano

Possibly from the Lain for "mountainous." Shakespeare also used the name in Othello.


Ophelia/Ofelia

From the Greek meaning "help, aid."


Osric

Old English: "Divine rule" or "God's rule."


Polonius

The name implies a connection to Poland. "Polonia" was historically the Latin name for Poland. In the play, both Norway and Denmark are hostile toward Poland.


Reynaldo

From the Spanish for "counselor, ruler."


Rosencraft/Rossencraft

"Wreath or crown of roses." Both Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are surnames of noble Danish families.


Voltemar/Voltemand

"Valdemar" is the name of four Danish kings. It is the German form of the name "Vladimir," meaning "famous rule."



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