Side-by-Side Comparisons of the First Three Printed Texts of Hamlet

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1603 First Quarto                      1604-5 Second Quarto                        1623 First Folio
                     Scena Prima.                               Actus Primus. Scena Prima.                           Actus Primus. Scena Prima.
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Enter Two Centinels.

         1. Stand: who is that?

         2.
Tis I.


         1.
O you come most carefully vpon your watch,


         2.
And if you meete Marcellus and Horatio,

5       The partners of my watch, bid them make haste.        

         1. I will: See who goes there.


                               Enter Horatio and Marcellus.

         Hor. Friends to this ground.

         Mar.
And leegemen to the Dane,

         O farewell honest souldier, who hath releeued you?

10
     1.
Barnardo hath my place, giue you good night.          


         Mar.
Holla, Barnardo.


         2.
Say, is Horatio there?


         Hor.
A peece of him.


         2.
Welcome Horatio, welcome good Marcellus.


15
     Mar.
What hath this thing appear'd againe to night.      


         2.
I haue seene nothing.


         Mar.
Horatio sayes tis but our fantasie,

         And wil not let beliefe take hold of him,
         Touching this dreaded sight twice seene by vs,
20     Therefore I haue intreated him a long with vs      
         To watch the minutes of this night,
         That if againe this apparition come,
         He may approoue our eyes, and speake to it.

         Hor.
Tut, t'will not appeare.

25
      2. Sit downe I pray, and let vs once againe

         Assaile your eares that are so fortified,
         What we haue two nights seene.

         Hor. Wel, sit we downe, and let vs heare Bernardo speake

         of this.

30
      2. Last night of al, when yonder starre that's west-   

         ward from the pole, had made his course to
         Illumine that part of heauen. Where now it burnes,
         The bell then towling one.

                                     Enter Ghost.

         Mar. Breake off your talke, see where it comes againe.

35
      2. In the same figure like the King that's dead,         


         Mar. Thou art a scholler, speake to it Horatio.


         2. Lookes it not like the king?


         Hor. Most like, it horrors mee with feare and wonder.


         2. It would be spoke to.


40
     Mar. Question it Horatio.                                        


         Hor. What art thou that thus vsurps the state, in

         Which the Maiestie of buried Denmarke did sometimes      
         Walke? By heauen I charge thee speake.

         Mar. It is offended.


Exit Ghost.

45      2. See, it stalkes away.                           

         Hor. Stay, speake, speake, by heauen I charge thee

         speake.

         Mar. Tis gone and makes no answer.


         2.
How now Horatio, you tremble and looke pale,

50      Is not this something more than fantasie?
         What thinke you on't?

         Hor.
Afore my God, I might not this beleeue, without

         the sensible and true auouch of my owne eyes.

         Mar.
Is it not like the King?


55      Hor.
As thou art to thy selfe,

         Such was the very armor he had on,
         When he the ambitious Norway combated.
         So frownd he once, when in an angry parle
         He smot the sleaded pollax on the yce,
60      Tis strange.

         Mar. Thus twice before, and iump at this dead hower,

         With Marshall stalke he passed through our watch.

         Hor.
In what particular to worke, I know not,

         But in the thought and scope of my opinion,
65      This bodes some strange eruption to the state.

         Mar.
Good, now sit downe, and tell me he that knowes

         Why this same strikt and most obseruant watch,
         So nightly toyles the subiect of the land,
         And why such dayly cost of brazen Cannon
70      And forraine marte, for implements of warre,
         Why such impresse of ship-writes, whose sore taske
         Does not diuide the sunday from the weeke:
         What might be toward that this sweaty march
         Doth make the night ioynt labourer with the day,
75      Who is't that can informe me?        

         Hor.
Mary that can I, at least the whisper goes so,

         Our late King, who as you know was by Forten-
         Brasse of Norway,
         Thereto prickt on by a most emulous cause, dared to
80      The combate, in which our valiant Hamlet,
         For so this side of our knowne world esteemed him,
         Did slay this Fortenbrasse,
         Who by a seale compact well ratified, by law
         And heraldrie, did forfeit with his life all those
85     His lands which he stoode seazed of by the conqueror,
         Against the which a moity competent,
         Was gaged by our King:
         Now sir, yong Fortenbrasse,
         Of inapproued mettle hot and full,
90      Hath in the skirts of Norway here and there,                 
         Sharkt vp a fight of lawlesse Resolutes
         For food and diet to some enterprise,
         That hath a stomacke in it: and this (I take it) is the
         Chiefe head and ground of this our watch.

Enter Ghost.

95      But loe, behold, see where it comes againe,     
         Ile crosse it, though it blast me: stay illusion,
         If there be any good thing to be done,
         That may doe ease to thee, and grace to mee,
         Speake to mee.
100    If thou are priuy to thy countries fate,          
         Which happly foreknowing may preuent, O speake to me,  
         Or if thou hast extorted in thy life,
         Or hoorded treasure in the wombe of earth,
         For which they say you Spirites oft walke in death, speake
105    to me, stay and speake, speake, stoppe it Marcellus.

         2. Tis heere.


                                                                    exit Ghost.

         Hor. Tis heere.

         Marc.
Tis gone, O we doe it wrong, being so maiesti-

         call, to offer it the shew of violence,
110    For it is as the ayre invelmorable,           
         And our vaine blowes malitious mockery.

         2.
It was about to speake when the Cocke crew.


         Hor.
And then it faded like a guilty thing,

         Vpon a fearefull summons: I haue heard
115    The Cocke, that is the trumpet to the morning,
         Doth with his earely and shrill crowing throate,
         Awake the god of day, and at his sound,
         Whether in earth or ayre, in sea or fire,
         The strauagant and erring spirite hies
120    To his confines, and of the trueth heereof
         This present obiect made probation.

         Marc.
It faded on the crowing of the Cocke,

         Some say, that euer gainst that season comes,
         Wherein our Sauiours birth is celebrated,
125    The bird of dawning singeth all night long,              
         And then they say, no spirite dare walke abroade,
         The nights are wholesome, then no planet frikes,        
         No Fairie takes, nor Witch hath powre to charme,
         So gratious, and so hallowed is that time.

130    Hor.
So haue I heard, and doe in parte beleeue it:          

         But see the Sunne in russet mantle clad,
         Walkes ore the deaw of yon hie mountaine top,
         Breake we our watch vp, and by my aduise,
         Let vs impart what wee haue seene to night
135    Vnto yong H amlet: for vpon my life    
         This Spirite dumbe to vs will speake to him:
         Do you consent, wee shall acquaint him with it,
         As needefull in our loue, fitting our duetie?

         Marc.
Lets doo't I pray, and I this morning know,

140    Where we shall finde him most conueniently.       

































































Enter Barnardo, and Francisco, two Centinels. 

        Bar. Whose there?

        Fran.
Nay answere me. Stand and vnfolde your selfe. 

        Bar.
Long liue the King,

        Fran.
Barnardo.

5      Bar.
Hee.                          

        Fran.
You come most carefully vpon your houre,

        Bar.
Tis now strooke twelfe, get thee to bed Francisco,

        Fran.
For this reliefe much thanks, tis bitter cold,
        And I am sick at hart.

10    Bar.
Haue you had quiet guard?

        Fran.
Not a mouse stirring.

        Bar.
Well, good night:
        If you doe meete Horatio and Marcellus,
        The riualls of my watch, bid them make hast.

Enter Horatio, and Marcellus.

15     Fran. I thinke I heare them, stand ho, who is there?

        Hora.
Friends to this ground.


        Mar.
And Leedgemen to the Dane,


        Fran.
Giue you good night.


        Mar.
O, farwell honest souldiers, who hath relieu'd you?


20    Fran.
Barnardo hath my place; giue you good night.


Exit Fran.

           Mar. Holla, Barnardo.

        Bar.
Say, what is Horatio there?


        Hora
. A peece of him.


        Bar.
Welcome Horatio, welcome good Marcellus,


25    Hora.
What, ha's this thing appeard againe to night?


        Bar.
I haue seene nothing.


        Mar.
Horatio saies tis but our fantasie,

        And will not let beliefe take holde of him,
        Touching this dreaded sight twice seene of vs,
30     Therefore I haue intreated him along,
        With vs to watch the minuts of this night,
        That if againe this apparision come,
        He may approoue our eyes and speake to it.

        Hora.
Tush, tush, twill not appeare.


35     Bar.
Sit downe a while,

        And let vs once againe assaile your eares,
        That are so fortified against our story,
        What we haue two nights seene.

40     Hora.
Well, sit we downe,

        And let vs heare Barnardo speake of this.

        Bar.
Last night of all,

        When yond same starre thats weastward from the pole,
        Had made his course t'illume that part of heauen
45     Where now it burnes, Marcellus and my selfe
        The bell then beating one.

Enter Ghost.

       Mar. Peace, breake thee of, looke where it comes againe.

       Bar.
In the same figure like the King thats dead.

       Mar.
Thou art a scholler, speake to it Horatio.

50    Bar.
Lookes a not like the King? marke it Horatio.

       Hora.
Most like, it horrowes me with feare and wonder.

       Bar.
It would be spoke to.

       Mar.
Speake to it Horatio.

       Hora.
What art thou that vsurpst this time of night,
55    Together with that faire and warlike forme,
        In which the Maiestie of buried Denmarke
        Did sometimes march, by heauen I charge thee speake.

        Mar.
It is offended.

        Bar.
See it staukes away.

60    Hora.
Stay, speake, speake, I charge thee speake.

Exit Ghost.

         Mar. Tis gone and will not answere.

         Bar.
How now Horatio, you tremble and looke pale,
         Is not this somthing more then phantasie?
         What thinke you-ont?

65     Hora.
Before my God I might not this belieue,
         Without the sencible and true auouch
         Of mine owne eies.

         Mar.
Is it not like the King?

         Hora.
As thou art to thy selfe.
70      Such was the very Armor he had on,
         When he the ambitious Norway combated,
         So frownd he once, when in an angry parle
         He smot the sleaded pollax on the ice.
         Tis strange.

75      Mar.
Thus twice before, and iump at this dead houre,
          With martiall stauke hath he gone by our watch.

          Hora.
In what perticular thought, to worke I know not,
          But in the grosse and scope of mine opinion,
          This bodes some strange eruption to our state.

80      Mar.
Good now sit downe, and tell me he that knowes,
          Why this same strikt and most obseruant watch
          So nightly toiles the subiect of the land,
          And with such dayly cost of brazon Cannon
          And forraine marte, for implements of warre,
85       Why such impresse of ship-writes, whose sore taske
          Does not deuide the Sunday from the weeke,
          What might be toward that this sweaty hast
          Doth make the night ioynt labourer with the day,
          Who ist that can informe mee?

90      Hora.
That can I.
          At least the whisper goes so; our last King,
          Whose image euen but now appear'd to vs,
          Was as you knowe by Fortinbrasse of Norway,
          Thereto prickt on by a most emulate pride
95       Dar'd to the combat; in which our valiant Hamlet,
          (For so this side of our knowne world esteemd him)
          Did slay this Fortinbrasse, who by a seald compact
          Well ratified by lawe and heraldy
          Did forfait (with his life) all these his lands
100     Which he stood seaz'd of, to the conquerour.
          Against the which a moitie competent
          Was gaged by our King, which had returne
          To the inheritance of Fortinbrasse,
          Had he bin vanquisher; as by the same comart,
105     And carriage of the article desseigne,
          His fell to Hamlet; now Sir, young Fortinbrasse
          Of vnimprooued mettle, hot and full,
          Hath in the skirts of Norway heere and there
          Sharkt vp a list of lawelesse resolutes
110     For foode and diet to some enterprise
          That hath a stomacke in't, which is no other
          As it doth well appeare vnto our state
          But to recouer of vs by strong hand
          And tearmes compulsatory, those foresaid lands
115     So by his father lost; and this I take it,
          Is the maine motiue of our preparations
          The source of this our watch, and the chiefe head
          Of this post hast and Romeage in the land.

          Bar.
I thinke it be no other, but enso;
120     Well may it sort that this portentous figure
          Comes armed through our watch so like the King
          That was and is the question of these warres.

          Hora.
A moth it is to trouble the mindes eye:
          In the most high and palmy state of Rome,
125     A little ere the mightiest Iulius fell
          The graues stood tennatlesse, and the sheeted dead
          Did squeake and gibber in the Roman streets
          As starres with traines of fier, and dewes of blood
          Disasters in the sunne; and the moist starre,
130     Vpon whose influence Neptunes Empier stands,
          Was sicke almost to doomesday with eclipse.
          And euen the like precurse of feare euents
          As harbindgers preceading still the fates
          And prologue to the Omen comming on
135     Haue heauen and earth together demonstrated
          Vnto our Climatures and countrymen.

Enter Ghost.

           But soft, behold, loe where it comes againe
           Ile crosse it though it blast mee: stay illusion,

            It spreads
           If thou hast any sound or vse of voyce,
            his armes.

140  
    Speake to me, if there be any good thing to be done
           That may to thee doe ease, and grace to mee,
           Speake to me.
           If thou art priuie to thy countries fate
           Which happily foreknowing may auoyd
145      O speake:
           Or if thou hast vphoorded in thy life
           Extorted treasure in the wombe of earth
           For which they say your spirits oft walke in death.

The cocke

           Speake of it, stay and speake, stop it Marcellus.
crowes.

150      Mar. Shall I strike it with my partizan?

           Hor.
Doe if it will not stand.

           Bar.
Tis heere.

           Hor.
Tis heere.

           Mar.
Tis gone.
155      We doe it wrong being so Maiesticall
           To offer it the showe of violence,
           For it is as the ayre, invulnerable,
           And our vaine blowes malicious mockery.

           Bar.
It was about to speake when the cock crewe.

160      Hor.
And then it started like a guilty thing,
           Vpon a fearefull summons; I haue heard,
           The Cock that is the trumpet to the morne,
           Doth with his lofty and shrill sounding throat
           Awake the God of day, and at his warning
165      Whether in sea or fire, in earth or ayre
           Th'extrauagant and erring spirit hies
           To his confine, and of the truth heerein
           This present obiect made probation.

           Mar.
It faded on the crowing of the Cock.
170      Some say that euer gainst that season comes
           Wherein our Sauiours birth is celebrated
           This bird of dawning singeth all night long,
           And then they say no spirit dare sturre abraode
           The nights are wholsome, then no plannets strike,
175      No fairy takes, nor witch hath power to charme
           So hallowed, and so gratious is that time.

           Hora.
So haue I heard and doe in part belieue it,
           But looke the morne in russet mantle clad
           Walkes ore the dewe of yon high Eastward hill
180      Breake we our watch vp and by my aduise
           Let vs impart what we haue seene to night
           Vnto young Hamlet, for vppon my life
           This spirit dumb to vs, will speake to him:
           Doe you consent we shall acquaint him with it

185      As needfull in our loues, fitting our duty.

           Mar.
Lets doo't I pray, and I this morning knowe
           Where we shall find him most conuenient.
Exeunt.
Enter Barnardo and Francisco two Centinels

        Barnardo.
  Who's there?

       
Fran. Nay answer me: Stand & vnfold your selfe.

        Bar
. Long liue the King.

        Fran
. Barnardo?

5      Bar
. He.  

        Fran
. You come most carefully vpon your houre.

        Bar
. 'Tis now strook twelue, get thee to bed Francisco.

        Fran. For this releefe much thankes: 'Tis bitter cold,
        And I am sicke at heart.

10
    Barn. Haue you had quiet Guard?

        Fran. Not a Mouse stirring.

        Barn
. Well, goodnight. If you do meet Horatio and
       
Marcellus, the Riuals of my Watch, bid them make hast.


                           Enter Horatio and Marcellus.

         I thinke I heare them. Stand: who's there?

15     Hor.
Friends to this ground.

        Mar.
And Leige-men to the Dane.

        Fran.
Giue you good night.

        Mar
. O farwel honest Soldier, who hath relieu'd you?

        Fra
. Barnardo ha's my place: giue you goodnight.      


                                                                                Exit Fran.


20     Mar
. Holla Barnardo.

        Bar
. Say, what is Horatio there?

        Hor.
A peece of him.


        Bar.
Welcome Horatio, welcome good Marcellus.

        Mar.
What, ha's this thing appear'd againe to night.

25     Bar
. I haue seene nothing.

        Mar
. Horatio saies, 'tis but our Fantasie,
        And will not let beleefe take hold of him
           Touching this dreaded sight, twice seene of vs,
           Therefore I haue intreated him along
30      With vs, to watch the minutes of this Night,
           That if againe this Apparition come,
           He may approue our eyes, and speake to it.

        Hor
. Tush, tush, 'twill not appeare.

        Bar.
Sit downe a-while,

35     And let vs once againe assaile your eares,
           That are so fortified against our Story,
           What we two Nights haue seene.

        Hor
. Well, sit we downe,

           And let vs heare Barnardo speake of this.

40     Barn.
Last night of all,

           When yond same Starre that's Westward from the Pole
           Had made his course t'illume that part of Heauen
       
Where now it burnes, Marcellus and my selfe,
           The Bell then beating one.

45     Mar
. Peace, breake thee of:                    

        
Enter the Ghost.

         Looke where it comes againe.

         Barn
. In the same figure, like the King that's dead.

         Mar
. Thou art a Scholler; speake to it Horatio. 

         Barn.
Lookes it not like the King? Marke it Horatio.

50      Hora
. Most like: It harrowes me with fear & wonder

         Barn
. It would be spoke too.

         Mar. Question it Horatio.

         Hor
. What art thou that vsurp'st this time of night,              
         Together with that Faire and Warlike forme
55      In which the Maiesty of buried Denmarke
         Did sometimes march: By Heauen I charge thee speake.

         Mar. It is offended.

         Barn
. See, it stalkes away.

         Hor
. Stay: speake; speake: I Charge thee, speake.

Exit the Ghost.

60      Mar. 'Tis gone, and will not answer.

         Barn
. How now Horatio? You tremble & look pale:
         Is not this something more then Fantasie?
         What thinke you on't?

         Hor. Before my God, I might not this beleeue
65      Without the sensible and true auouch
         Of mine owne eyes.

         Mar
. Is it not like the King?

         Hor
. As thou art to thy selfe,
         Such was the very Armour he had on,
70      When th'Ambitious Norwey combatted:
        
So frown’d he once, when, in an angry parle,
         He smote the sledded Polacks on the Ice.    
         ’Tis strange.

         Mar.
  Thus twice before, and iust at this dead hour,    
75      With Martial stalk hath he gone by our Watch.

         Hor.
  In what particular thought to work I know not;    
         But in the gross and scope of my Opinion,      
         This bodes some strange eruption to our State.

         Mar.
  Good now, sit down, and tell me, he that knows,    
80      Why this same strict and most observant watch
         So nightly toils the subject of the land;     
        
And why such daily cast of Brazen Cannon,    
         And Foreign Mart for Implements of war;
         Why such impress of Shipwrights, whose sore Task    
85      Does not divide the Sunday from the week;
         What might be toward, that this sweaty haste    
         Doth make the Night joint-Labourer with the day:    
         Who is ’t that can inform me?

         Hor.
That can I,      
90      At least, the whisper goes so. Our last King,
         Whose Image even but now appear’d to us,    
         Was (as you know) by Fortinbras of Norway,    
         (Thereto prick’d on by a most emulate pride,) 
         Dar’d to the Combat; in which our Valiant Hamlet,    
95     (For so this side of our known world esteem’d him)
        
Did slay this Fortinbras; who, by a Seal’d Compact,     
         Well ratified by Law and Heraldry,     
         Did forfeit (with his life) all those his Lands     
         Which he stood seiz’d of, to the Conqueror;     
100    Against the which, a Moiety competent
         Was gaged by our King; which had return’d     
         To the Inheritance of Fortinbras,     
         Had he been Vanquisher; as, by the same Cov’nant,     
         And carriage of the Article design,     
105    His fell to Hamlet. Now, sir, young Fortinbras,
         Of unimproved Mettle hot and full,     
         Hath in the skirts of Norway here and there 
        
Shark’d up a List of Landlesse Resolutes,
         For Food and Diet, to some Enterprise   
110    That hath a stomach in ’t; which is no other
         (And it doth well appear unto our State)     
         But to recover of us, by strong hand     
         And terms Compulsative, those foresaid Lands
         So by his Father lost. And this (I take it)     
115    Is the main Motive of our Preparations,
         The Source of this our Watch and the chief head     
         Of this post-haste and Romage in the Land.    

Enter Ghost again.

         But, soft! behold! lo! where it comes again.    
         Ile crosse it, though it blast me. Stay Illusion:
120   
If thou hast any sound, or vse of Voyce,
         Speake to me. If there be any good thing to be done,
         That may to thee do ease, and grace to me; speak to me.
         If thou art priuy to thy Countries Fate
         (Which happily foreknowing may auoyd) Oh speake.
125    Or, if thou hast vp-hoorded in thy life
         Extorted Treasure in the wombe of Earth,
         (For which, they say, you Spirits oft walke in death)
         Speake of it. Stay, and speake. Stop it Marcellus. 

         Mar
. Shall I strike at it with my Partizan?


130
   
Hor. Do, if it will not stand.

         Barn
. 'Tis heere. 

         Hor
. 'Tis heere.

         Mar
. 'Tis gone.                           

                                                                              Exit Ghost.


         We do it wrong, being so Maiesticall
135    To offer it the shew of Violence,
         For it is as the Ayre, invulnerable,
         And our vaine blowes, malicious Mockery. 

         Barn.
It was about to speake, when the Cocke crew. 

         Hor
. And then it started, like a guilty thing
140    Vpon a fearfull Summons. I haue heard,
         The Cocke that is the Trumpet to the day,
         Doth with his lofty and shrill-sounding Throate
         Awake the God of Day: and at his warning,
         Whether in Sea, or Fire, in Earth, or Ayre,
145   
Th'extrauagant, and erring Spirit, hyes
         To his Confine. And of the truth heerein,
         This present Obiect made probation.

        
Mar. It faded on the crowing of the Cocke.
        
Some sayes, that euer 'gainst that Season comes
150    Wherein our Sauiours Birth is celebrated,

         The Bird of Dawning singeth all night long:
         And then (they say) no Spirit can walke abroad,
         The nights are wholsome, then no Planets strike,
         No Faiery talkes, nor Witch hath power to Charme:
155    So hallow'd, and so gracious is the time.

         Hor
. So haue I heard, and do in part beleeue it.
         But looke, the Morne in Russet mantle clad,
         Walkes o're the dew of yon high Easterne Hill,
         Breake we our Watch vp, and by my aduice
160    Let vs impart what we haue seene to night
         Vnto yong Hamlet. For vpon my life,
         This Spirit dumbe to vs, will speake to him:
         Do you consent we shall acquaint him with it,
         As needfull in our Loues, fitting our Duty?

165    Mar
. Let do't I pray, and I this morning know
         Where we shall finde him most conueniently.                       

                                                                                    Exeunt























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All texts courtesy of
Internet Shakespeare Editions, hosted by the University of Victoria
All content should be considered under copyright (2009) by the author, Chelsea Phillips, but may be used for educational, non-profit purposes.
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